Chapter 6 Civil Juristic Acts

第六章 民事法律行为

Section 3 Effect of a Civil Juristic Act

第三节 民事法律行为的效力

Article 143

A civil juristic act is valid if the following conditions are satisfied:

(1) the person performing the act has the required capacity for performing civil juristic acts;

(2) the intent expressed by the person is true; and

(3) the act does not violate any mandatory provisions of laws or administrative

regulations, nor offend public order or good morals.

第一百四十三条

具备下列条件的民事法律行为有效：

(一)行为人具有相应的民事行为能力;

(二)意思表示真实;

(三)不违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定，不违背公序良俗。

Article 144

A civil juristic act performed by a person who has no capacity for performing civil juristic acts is void.

第一百四十四条

无民事行为能力人实施的民事法律行为无效。

Article 145

A civil juristic act, performed by a person with limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts, which is purely beneficial to the person or is appropriate to the age, intelligence, or mental status of the person is valid; any other civil juristic act performed by such a person is valid if a consent or ratification is obtained from his legal representative.

A third person involved in the act performed by a person with limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts may request the legal representative of the latter to ratify the act within 30 days from receipt of the notification. Inaction of the legal representative is deemed as refusal of ratification. Before such an act is ratified, a bona fide third person is entitled to revoke the act. The revocation shall be made by

notice.

第一百四十五条

限制民事行为能力人实施的纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为有效;实施的其他民事法律行为经法定代理人同意或者追认后有效。

相对人可以催告法定代理人自收到通知之日起三十日内予以追认。法定代理人未作表示的，视为拒绝追认。民事法律行为被追认前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。

Article 146

A civil juristic act performed by a person and another person based on a false expression of intent is void.

Where an expression of intent deliberately conceals a civil juristic act, the validity of the concealed act shall be determined in accordance with the relevant laws.

第一百四十六条

行为人与相对人以虚假的意思表示实施的民事法律行为无效。

以虚假的意思表示隐藏的民事法律行为的效力，依照有关法律规定处理。

Article 147

Where a civil juristic act is performed based on serious misunderstanding, the person who performs the act has the right to request the people’s court or an arbitration institution to revoke the act.

第一百四十七条

基于重大误解实施的民事法律行为，行为人有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以撤销。

Article 148

Where a party by fraudulent means induces the other party to perform a civil juristic act against the latter’s true intention, the defrauded party has the right to request the people’s court or an arbitration institution to revoke the act.

第一百四十八条

一方以欺诈手段，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下实施的民事法律行为，受欺诈方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以撤销。

Article 149

Where a party knows or should have known that a civil juristic act performed by the other party is based on a third person’s fraudulent act and is against the other party’s true intention, the defrauded party has the right to request the people’s court or an arbitration institution to revoke the civil juristic act.

第一百四十九条

第三人实施欺诈行为，使一方在违背真实意思的情况下实施的民事法律行为，对方知道或者应当知道该欺诈行为的，受欺诈方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以撤销。

Article 150

Where a party performs a civil juristic act against its true intention owing to duress of the other party or a third person, the coerced party has the right to request the people’s court or an arbitration institution to revoke the civil juristic act.

第一百五十条

一方或者第三人以胁迫手段，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下实施的民事法律行为，受胁迫方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以撤销。

Article 151

In situations such as where one party takes advantage of the other party that is in a desperate situation or lacks the ability of making judgment, and as a result the civil juristic act thus performed is obviously unfair, the damaged party is entitled to request the people’s court or an arbitration institution to revoke the act.

第一百五十一条

一方利用对方处于危困状态、缺乏判断能力等情形，致使民事法律行为成立时显失公平的，受损害方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以撤销。

Article 152

A party’s right to revoke a civil juristic act is extinguished under any of the following circumstances:

(1) the party has failed to exercise the right to revocation within one year from the date when it knows or should have known of the cause for revocation, or within 90 days from the date when the party who has performed the act with serious misunderstanding knows or should have known of the cause for revocation;

(2) the party acting under duress has failed to exercise the right to revocation within one year from the date when the duress ceases; or

(3) the party who becomes aware of the cause for revocation waives the right to revocation expressly or through its own conduct.

The right to revocation is extinguished if the party fails to exercise it within five years from the date when the civil juristic act has been performed.

第一百五十二条

有下列情形之一的，撤销权消灭：

(一)当事人自知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内、重大误解的当事人自知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起九十日内没有行使撤销权;

(二)当事人受胁迫，自胁迫行为终止之日起一年内没有行使撤销权;

(三)当事人知道撤销事由后明确表示或者以自己的行为表明放弃撤销权。

当事人自民事法律行为发生之日起五年内没有行使撤销权的，撤销权消灭。

Article 153

A civil juristic act in violation of the mandatory provisions of laws or administrative regulations is void, unless such mandatory provisions do not lead to invalidity of such a civil juristic act.

A civil juristic act that offends the public order and good morals is void.

第一百五十三条

违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定的民事法律行为无效。但是，该强制性规定不导致该民事法律行为无效的除外。

违背公序良俗的民事法律行为无效。

Article 154

A civil juristic act is void if it is conducted through malicious collusion between the actor and a counterparty and thus harms the lawful rights and interests of another person.

第一百五十四条

行为人与相对人恶意串通，损害他人合法权益的民事法律行为无效。

Article 155

A void or revoked civil juristic act does not have any legal force ab initio.

第一百五十五条

无效的或者被撤销的民事法律行为自始没有法律约束力。

Article 156

If invalidation of a part of a civil juristic act does not affect the validity of the other part, the other part of the act remains valid.

第一百五十六条

民事法律行为部分无效，不影响其他部分效力的，其他部分仍然有效。

Article 157

Where a civil juristic act is void, revoked, or is determined to have no legal effect, the property thus obtained by a person as a result of the act shall be returned, or compensation be made based on the appraised value of the property if it is impossible or meaningless to return the property. Unless otherwise provided by law, the loss thus incurred upon the other party shall be compensated by the party at fault, or, if both parties are at fault, by the parties proportionally.

第一百五十七条

民事法律行为无效、被撤销或者确定不发生效力后，行为人因该行为取得的财产，应当予以返还;不能返还或者没有必要返还的，应当折价补偿。有过错的一方应当赔偿对方由此所受到的损失;各方都有过错的，应当各自承担相应的责任。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。

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satisfied /valid　有效

invalidity　无效

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revoke the act　撤销

cause for revocation　撤销事由

right to revocation　撤销权

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true intention　真实意思

serious misunderstanding　重大误解

obviously unfair　显失公平

false expression of intent　虚假的意思表示

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concealed act　隐藏的行为

fraudulent act　欺诈行为

inaction　未作表示;无行动，不作为

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defrauded party　受欺诈方

damaged party　受损害方

coerced party　受胁迫方